針對(dui)在(zai)運行中(zhong)產(chan)生的(de)(de)故障的(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin)以及排(pai)(pai)除(chu)的(de)(de)方(fang)法等(deng)做出了簡(jian)要(yao)的(de)(de)分析，筆者認為(wei)正(zheng)確(que)的(de)(de)、合理的(de)(de)故障排(pai)(pai)除(chu)法對(dui)于變壓器(qi)設備(bei)能(neng)夠正(zheng)常運行起到促(cu)進(jin)作用(yong)。一般來說(shuo)，變壓器(qi)產(chan)生故障主要(yao)是由(you)于其(qi)(qi)內部的(de)(de)組成、電(dian)路等(deng)方(fang)面出現了電(dian)力損耗而(er)(er)造成的(de)(de)，而(er)(er)外在(zai)的(de)(de)人為(wei)因(yin)素或者是其(qi)(qi)他(ta)方(fang)面也有(you)可能(neng)造成其(qi)(qi)故障的(de)(de)產(chan)生。所以，排(pai)(pai)除(chu)電(dian)力變壓器(qi)故障時，要(yao)抓住其(qi)(qi)原(yuan)因(yin)所在(zai)而(er)(er)對(dui)癥下(xia)藥，從而(er)(er)提(ti)高(gao)其(qi)(qi)排(pai)(pai)除(chu)效果。

　　一、常見故障的分析處理

　　1、變(bian)壓器油質變(bian)壞

　　變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中的(de)(de)(de)油(you)，由于(yu)長(chang)時(shi)間使(shi)用(yong)而(er)沒(mei)有更換(huan)，其(qi)中漏進了(le)雨水和(he)浸入(ru)了(le)一些潮氣，再加上其(qi)中的(de)(de)(de)油(you)溫(wen)經(jing)常過熱，這(zhe)就容(rong)易(yi)造成(cheng)油(you)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壞(huai)。而(er)油(you)質(zhi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壞(huai)則導致變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)絕緣性能(neng)受到(dao)了(le)很大的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，這(zhe)種(zhong)情況就非常容(rong)易(yi)引起變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)故障產生(sheng)。如(ru)果是(shi)新近投(tou)運的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)油(you)色會呈淺黃(huang)色，在使(shi)用(yong)一段時(shi)間以(yi)后(hou)(hou)，油(you)色將會變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)淺紅色。而(er)如(ru)果發現油(you)色開(kai)始(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)黑(hei)，這(zhe)種(zhong)情況下(xia)為了(le)防止外殼與繞(rao)組之間或線圈繞(rao)組間發生(sheng)電(dian)流擊穿(chuan)，就要(yao)立刻進行(xing)取(qu)樣化(hua)驗。經(jing)化(hua)驗后(hou)(hou)，若油(you)質(zhi)合(he)格(ge)則繼續使(shi)用(yong)，若不合(he)格(ge)就對絕緣油(you)進行(xing)過濾和(he)再生(sheng)處理，讓油(you)質(zhi)達到(dao)合(he)格(ge)要(yao)求和(he)再進行(xing)使(shi)用(yong)。

　　2、內部聲音異(yi)常

　　變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)如(ru)果(guo)(guo)運行(xing)正(zheng)常，其中(zhong)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)交流聲的(de)(de)(de)頻率會(hui)(hui)(hui)相當穩定(ding)，而(er)如(ru)果(guo)(guo)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現問題，在(zai)(zai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)就會(hui)(hui)(hui)偶爾產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)規律的(de)(de)(de)聲音，表現出(chu)(chu)(chu)異(yi)常現象(xiang)。這種情況(kuang)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)幾種主(zhu)要原因是：變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)進行(xing)過載運行(xing)，這種情況(kuang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)內(nei)部(bu)就會(hui)(hui)(hui)有沉重的(de)(de)(de)聲音產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)；變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)零件產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)松動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)，在(zai)(zai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)運行(xing)時(shi)(shi)就會(hui)(hui)(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)強烈而(er)不(bu)均勻的(de)(de)(de)噪(zao)聲；變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)鐵芯(xin)(xin)最(zui)外(wai)(wai)層(ceng)硅鋼片未夾(jia)緊(jin)，在(zai)(zai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)運行(xing)時(shi)(shi)就會(hui)(hui)(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)震(zhen)動(dong)(dong)，同樣會(hui)(hui)(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)噪(zao)音；變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)頂(ding)蓋(gai)的(de)(de)(de)螺絲(si)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)松動(dong)(dong)，變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)運行(xing)時(shi)(shi)也發出(chu)(chu)(chu)異(yi)響(xiang)；變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)部(bu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)如(ru)果(guo)(guo)太高時(shi)(shi)，鐵芯(xin)(xin)接地(di)線(xian)會(hui)(hui)(hui)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現斷路(lu)或外(wai)(wai)殼閃絡(luo)，外(wai)(wai)殼和(he)鐵芯(xin)(xin)感應出(chu)(chu)(chu)高電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)內(nei)部(bu)同樣會(hui)(hui)(hui)發出(chu)(chu)(chu)噪(zao)音；變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)內(nei)部(bu)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)接觸不(bu)良和(he)擊穿，會(hui)(hui)(hui)因為放電(dian)(dian)而(er)發出(chu)(chu)(chu)異(yi)響(xiang)；變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現短路(lu)和(he)接地(di)時(shi)(shi)，繞(rao)組中(zhong)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)流，會(hui)(hui)(hui)發出(chu)(chu)(chu)異(yi)常的(de)(de)(de)聲音；變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)諧(xie)波和(he)連(lian)接了大(da)容量的(de)(de)(de)用電(dian)(dian)設備時(shi)(shi)，由于產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)啟動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)流較大(da)，以(yi)后造成異(yi)響(xiang)。

　　3、自(zi)動跳閘故障(zhang)

　　在(zai)(zai)(zai)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)運行(xing)(xing)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)，突然(ran)出現自動跳閘時，要(yao)(yao)進行(xing)(xing)外部檢查(cha)，查(cha)明跳閘原(yuan)因(yin)。如(ru)果在(zai)(zai)(zai)檢查(cha)后確定是(shi)因(yin)為(wei)操(cao)作(zuo)人員(yuan)的(de)操(cao)作(zuo)不當或者是(shi)因(yin)為(wei)外部故(gu)障造成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)，就(jiu)可(ke)越過(guo)內(nei)部檢查(cha)環節(jie)，進行(xing)(xing)直接投入(ru)送(song)電(dian)(dian)。如(ru)果是(shi)發生了差動保護動作(zuo)，就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)對保護范(fan)圍中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)設(she)備進行(xing)(xing)全面(mian)、徹底檢查(cha)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)其中(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)注意變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)不少(shao)可(ke)燃(ran)性的(de)物質，而內(nei)部故(gu)障有(you)可(ke)能造成(cheng)(cheng)火(huo)災(zai)，如(ru)果沒(mei)有(you)得(de)到及(ji)時的(de)處理，甚(shen)至有(you)可(ke)能造成(cheng)(cheng)爆(bao)炸。可(ke)能導致變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)著火(huo)的(de)因(yin)素(su)有(you)下面(mian)幾種：內(nei)部故(gu)障導致變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)散熱器(qi)(qi)(qi)和外殼破裂，有(you)油(you)燃(ran)燒著從變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)溢出；在(zai)(zai)(zai)油(you)枕的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下，變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)油(you)流出然(ran)后在(zai)(zai)(zai)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)頂蓋(gai)上(shang)燃(ran)燒；變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)套管的(de)破損和閃絡等。這些事故(gu)發生時，變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)就(jiu)會自發產(chan)生保護動作(zuo)，斷(duan)路器(qi)(qi)(qi)就(jiu)會自動斷(duan)開(kai)。若斷(duan)路器(qi)(qi)(qi)因(yin)某些原(yuan)因(yin)而沒(mei)有(you)自動斷(duan)開(kai)，就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)通過(guo)手(shou)動來完成(cheng)(cheng)，立(li)刻停(ting)止冷氣(qi)設(she)備并關上(shang)電(dian)(dian)源，進行(xing)(xing)撲(pu)救火(huo)情。變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)滅火(huo)要(yao)(yao)使用泡沫滅火(huo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)火(huo)勢緊急(ji)時還可(ke)以(yi)使用砂(sha)子(zi)滅火(huo)。

　　4、油位(wei)過高或過低

　　變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)正常(chang)運(yun)行(xing)時(shi)(shi)，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)應保持在(zai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)計的(de)(de)(de)1/3到1/4 之間。假如(ru)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)過(guo)低(di)(di)，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)低(di)(di)于變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)上蓋，則可(ke)能(neng)導(dao)致瓦斯保護及(ji)誤動(dong)作(zuo)，在(zai)情況嚴重的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候，甚(shen)至有可(ke)能(neng)使變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)引線或線圈從油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中露出(chu)(chu)(chu)，造(zao)(zao)成絕緣(yuan)擊(ji)穿。若是油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)過(guo)高(gao)，則容易(yi)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)溢油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)。長期漏油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、溫(wen)(wen)度過(guo)低(di)(di)、滲油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)檢修變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)放(fang)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)之后沒有進行(xing)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)補油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)等就(jiu)是產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)過(guo)低(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)原(yuan)因。影響變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化的(de)(de)(de)因素有很(hen)多種(zhong)，如(ru)冷卻裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)運(yun)行(xing)狀況的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化、殼(ke)體(ti)(ti)滲油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、負(fu)荷(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化以(yi)及(ji)周圍環境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化等。如(ru)除(chu)漏油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)外(wai)，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)溫(wen)(wen)上升或下(xia)降就(jiu)直接(jie)決定著油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上升或下(xia)降還有變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)積。所以(yi)，在(zai)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)時(shi)(shi)，一定要(yao)根據當(dang)地(di)(di)氣溫(wen)(wen)選擇(ze)合適的(de)(de)(de)注油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)高(gao)度。而變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)溫(wen)(wen)則受(shou)負(fu)荷(he)(he)同環境(jing)因素的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化的(de)(de)(de)影響，假如(ru)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)溫(wen)(wen)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現變(bian)(bian)(bian)化，但起油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)標(biao)(biao)中油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)卻沒有跟著出(chu)(chu)(chu)現變(bian)(bian)(bian)化，那么油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)就(jiu)是一個(ge)假象，造(zao)(zao)成這種(zhong)狀況的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因可(ke)能(neng)是油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)標(biao)(biao)管堵(du)(du)塞、呼吸(xi)管堵(du)(du)塞、防爆(bao)管通(tong)氣孔堵(du)(du)塞等。這就(jiu)要(yao)求值(zhi)班人員要(yao)經常(chang)對(dui)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)計的(de)(de)(de)指示狀況做(zuo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)檢查(cha)，如(ru)果(guo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)過(guo)低(di)(di)，就(jiu)要(yao)查(cha)明其原(yuan)因并實施相應措施，而如(ru)果(guo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)過(guo)高(gao)，就(jiu)適當(dang)地(di)(di)放(fang)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，讓變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)能(neng)夠安全穩(wen)定地(di)(di)運(yun)行(xing)。

　　5、變壓(ya)器油溫突增

　　變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器油(you)溫(wen)(wen)突增，其(qi)引(yin)起的(de)主要原因(yin)是(shi)(shi)：內部緊(jin)固(gu)螺絲接頭松(song)動(dong)、冷(leng)卻(que)裝置(zhi)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)不正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)、變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器過(guo)負荷(he)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)以及(ji)內部短(duan)路閃絡放(fang)電等。在(zai)正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)的(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)，變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器上(shang)(shang)層油(you)溫(wen)(wen)必須(xu)要在(zai)85℃以下(xia)，如(ru)果(guo)沒有在(zai)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)本身配置(zhi)溫(wen)(wen)度計，則可(ke)用水銀溫(wen)(wen)度計在(zai)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)外殼上(shang)(shang)測量(liang)溫(wen)(wen)度，正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)溫(wen)(wen)度要保持在(zai)80℃以下(xia)。如(ru)果(guo)油(you)溫(wen)(wen)過(guo)高，要對(dui)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器是(shi)(shi)否過(guo)負荷(he)以及(ji)冷(leng)卻(que)裝置(zhi)的(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)狀況(kuang)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)檢(jian)查。若在(zai)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)超負荷(he)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)，要立刻(ke)對(dui)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)負荷(he)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)減(jian)(jian)輕(qing)，如(ru)果(guo)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)負荷(he)減(jian)(jian)輕(qing)后，溫(wen)(wen)度依然如(ru)此，就要立刻(ke)停止(zhi)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)，對(dui)其(qi)故障(zhang)原因(yin)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)查找。

　　6、繞組故障

　　繞(rao)組故障中主要包括相間(jian)短(duan)(duan)路、繞(rao)組接地(di)、頭開焊、接斷線、匝間(jian)短(duan)(duan)路等。引發這些(xie)故障的(de)主要原因主要有以下幾種：

　　（1）變(bian)壓器在制造(zao)和(he)后(hou)期進行檢修時，造(zao)成了絕緣局部損壞，留下了后(hou)遺癥。

　　（2）變壓器(qi)在運行中因散熱不良(liang)或(huo)長(chang)期過(guo)載(zai)，溫度長(chang)期過(guo)高，使絕緣產生(sheng)老化。

　　（3）變(bian)壓(ya)器的制造工(gong)藝不良(liang)，壓(ya)制不緊，機械強度無(wu)法承受短路(lu)沖擊，讓(rang)繞組(zu)變(bian)形，絕緣損壞。

　　（4）變(bian)壓器的繞組受潮，導致絕緣膨(peng)脹堵塞油道，致使局部過熱。

　　（5）變壓器中的(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)油(you)與空(kong)(kong)氣接觸面積太(tai)大(da)，或(huo)混入水分出(chu)現劣化，造(zao)成油(you)的(de)酸(suan)價(jia)變高，絕(jue)緣(yuan)能力下降或(huo)者油(you)面過低，讓繞組(zu)暴露到(dao)空(kong)(kong)氣里，而沒得到(dao)及時的(de)處理。這些都可能造(zao)成絕(jue)緣(yuan)擊穿，從而形成短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)或(huo)繞組(zu)接地(di)故(gu)障(zhang)。如果出(chu)現匝間短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)，各(ge)相直流(liu)電阻出(chu)現不平衡(heng)，電源(yuan)側電流(liu)輕微增(zeng)大(da)，油(you)溫增(zeng)高，變壓器過熱，甚至在油(you)中不停(ting)地(di)產生冒(mao)泡聲(sheng)。輕微的(de)匝間短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)，可引起瓦斯保(bao)護(hu)動作，而匝間短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)嚴重則可造(zao)成差動保(bao)護(hu)動作或(huo)者電源(yuan)側的(de)過流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)。而匝間短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)常常會引起更嚴重的(de)單相接地(di)或(huo)相間短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)等故(gu)障(zhang)，因此(ci)如果發生匝間短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)要(yao)盡(jin)快(kuai)處理。

　　二、電力變壓器日常維護

　　在(zai)變(bian)壓器的(de)(de)日(ri)常維護工作中(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)做到實時監視變(bian)壓器的(de)(de)運行(xing)(xing)狀況，特別是在(zai)過負(fu)荷(he)運行(xing)(xing)時，更是要(yao)(yao)縮短監控的(de)(de)周期。定(ding)期巡視變(bian)壓器的(de)(de)電(dian)壓、電(dian)流、上層油溫等，并經常對變(bian)壓器的(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)部(bu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)檢查(cha)。日(ri)常維護的(de)(de)具(ju)體工作有：對套(tao)管(guan)、磁裙的(de)(de)清潔(jie)程(cheng)度進(jin)行(xing)(xing)檢查(cha)并及(ji)時做好(hao)清理工作，以保證磁套(tao)管(guan)與絕緣子的(de)(de)清潔(jie)，避免(mian)閃絡事(shi)故的(de)(de)發生(sheng)；冷(leng)卻(que)裝(zhuang)置運行(xing)(xing)時，要(yao)(yao)確認冷(leng)卻(que)器進(jin)油管(guan)和出油管(guan)的(de)(de)蝶閥，保證入(ru)口干(gan)凈無(wu)雜物，散熱器通(tong)暢進(jin)風；風扇(shan)在(zai)運行(xing)(xing)中(zhong)運轉(zhuan)是否正(zheng)常，有無(wu)明顯振動(dong)及(ji)異(yi)音，潛油泵的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)向是否正(zheng)確，冷(leng)卻(que)器有無(wu)滲漏油現象，有無(wu)異(yi)常聲音及(ji)振動(dong)，分路電(dian)源自動(dong)開(kai)關閉合是否良好(hao)。此(ci)外(wai)(wai)，定(ding)期檢查(cha)分接(jie)開(kai)關，包括(kuo)接(jie)觸的(de)(de)定(ding)位、轉(zhuan)動(dong)靈活性、緊固等。還要(yao)(yao)定(ding)期測試變(bian)壓器的(de)(de)線(xian)圈、避雷(lei)器、套(tao)管(guan)，避雷(lei)器接(jie)地必須可靠，引(yin)線(xian)要(yao)(yao)盡可能短，接(jie)地電(dian)阻要(yao)(yao)小于5Ω。同時要(yao)(yao)定(ding)期試驗相關的(de)(de)消(xiao)防設施。

　　在實(shi)際(ji)現場操(cao)作中，我們通過的(de)溫度、聲音、外(wai)觀、油位(wei)以(yi)及其(qi)(qi)他現象對電(dian)力變(bian)壓器故障進行的(de)判定(ding)(ding)，只能作為變(bian)壓器故障的(de)初步判定(ding)(ding)。因為，變(bian)壓器的(de)內部故障不是一種單一的(de)直觀反映，其(qi)(qi)中涉及諸多因素，甚(shen)至有時還(huan)會出現假象。因此在判斷故障時，必須結合(he)(he)電(dian)氣試(shi)驗、油質(zhi)分析以(yi)及設備檢修、運行等情況(kuang)進行綜合(he)(he)分析，對故障的(de)原因、部位(wei)、部件或絕緣的(de)損壞程(cheng)度等做出準確(que)判定(ding)(ding)，才能制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)出合(he)(he)理(li)的(de)處理(li)方案。